Electrical devices and their effective use

At the moment, almost every person wants to learn how to save electricity in everyday life.Energy saving in everyday life is significantly popular as it does not require special investment but can significantly save

Electricity tariffs are constantly increasing.That is why many people are trying to limit their costs.There is now a huge amount of special information that will help to observe the elementary rules of energy consumption culture.If you are interested, then you can read about reactive power compensation.

Savings of lighting in public places

Usually, to solve such a problem, you need to set the motion sensors.They will help to turn on the light only in the required period.If such devices are covered at the entrance, then you should remember that your house will be able to save a significant amount of money.If necessary, you can also significantly save your money.In order to perform this process, you must install a semiconductor diode in interruption of tel.

The diode will now have to be placed in the switch.The diode will perform a certain amount of electricity through it.The tension will be significantly reduced and you can significantly save your money.

Electricity saving when using household appliances

Electricity in everyday life represents 9-10% of all the energy required.And although when using household electrical engineering, energy protection capabilities (compared to heating and hot water) are limited, but according to the bills you have paid, you see that this type of energy is relative to the roads.When buying household electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare different models and manufacturers.

In a family of 4 people, 1/5 of electricity will take care of things and clothes.The use of modern technology and change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity

Saving energy in the kitchen

If you are planning to use an electric kettle, then you do not need to fill it until the end.Water should be poured into such quantities that it is sufficient for a certain period.This should be so that the kettle does not use additional electricity.If you are planning to use an electric stove, then you should remember that in order to save a significant tool, you need to choose dishes that will fully match the size of the plate.If you are interested, then you can further read about the thermostats saving energy.

The main directions of energy conservation in everyday life

Depending on the climatic conditions, type and size of the home, heating systems, the presence of gas, specific measures aimed at saving resources may vary.But the main directions for enhancing energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Save heat.Insulation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacing windows and doors with new metal plastic or sealing old, sealing cracks and holes.Installation behind the aluminum foil heating battery or heat reflection screen.Replacement of cast iron radiators with bimetallic or aluminum.Lodgy and balcony glazing.All measures in the complex will help to raise the room temperature by 4-5 degrees without increasing the price of Engir Coiner.
• Save water.Installation of the measuring device consumed water.Replacement of rotating faucets of lever switches.Checking and repairing the tank for draining into the toilet, installing a two -tank tank.Larger often, use a shower more.Do not turn on the water with full flow without much need.When you shave and brush your teeth, close the faucet.Use the dishwasher and the washing machine with a relatively complete charging.In general, it is possible to reduce the flow of water by 3-4 times.
• Save gas.With individual gas heating, all measures aimed at maintaining heat and hot water automatically lead to gas savings.When cooking, it is rational to use modern stainless steel dishes with a polished bottom.All dishes should be clean and even correspond to the size of the burner.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that the hot air does not come out.The prospect of reducing costs is 2-3 times.

Energy -Saved Lighting Devices

Usually apartments that have long corridors use lighting that burns constantly.To start saving, you need to use incandescent energy lamps.These lamps have a long guarantee, so you can definitely save considerable resources.If you plan to choose high quality lamps, then you need to choose a good manufacturer.

In addition, if you plan to save considerable resources, then you should only use light wallpapers.Try not to ignore the natural light in your house.

Energy consumption in everyday life - where can I save?

From all the energy consumption in everyday life, the lion's share - 79% go to heating the premises, 15% of the energy is consumed for thermal processes (water heating, cooking, etc.), 5% of the energy consumes electric household appliances and 1% energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television equipment.

What is 1 kW of energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy to:

• 50 hours to listen to the radio;
• 110 hours shave with electric forehead;
• Allow a light of 60 watts for 17 hours;
• Watch color TV for 12 hours;
• Vacuum 2 hours;
• Take a 5-minute shower;
• Heat at 6 degrees a full bath with water (150 l).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity has been serving for almost two centuries for almost two centuries, and from year to year his role in the life of a modern man is constantly increasing.We are also bold to say that electricity has currently penetrated almost all the most important spheres of the life of modern society.

The widespread use of electricity is connected, first of all, with a relative simple mechanism for converting it into other types of energy.With the help of various types of heating devices, one manages to obtain heat for cooking or for heating the premises.In lighting devices, electricity is converted into light and with the help of an electric motor we easily turn the energy of electricity into mechanical energy.

But with all this it is necessary to constantly remember that behind the visible harmlessness and the simplicity of electricity can be hidden a significant threat to human life and health.When using different electricity conversion mechanisms, one should not forget about a minute for compliance with precautions and safe methods of working in electrical circuits and with household appliances included in these schemes.

It significantly complicates the situation that it is not possible to see or hear the electrical current.We can find the presence of electrical current in the conductor only by means of measuring devices specifically designed for these purposes.

Therefore, the first condition for the proper use of electrical current energy must be the mandatory compliance of the elementary rules and techniques for safe operation with it.Studying the causes of electromiama in everyday life shows that these causes are not in great variety and have not changed for several decades.

The main reasons for electromia in everyday life are:

• violation of elementary rules and methods for working with electricity;
• operation of defective household appliances;
• casual handling of electrical installations in the personal plot;
• Attempts to self -repair electrical equipment and electrical wiring by persons who do not have the necessary skills and qualifications.

You need to remember a few of the most general rules whose adherence will allow you to protect yourself from any problems that often arise during the work of household appliances:

1. Quite often the reason for the electric shock is the destruction of the insulation of electric wiring (or electric parties) in the places available for their touch.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically carry out an external inspection of the electrical wiring and to check the insulation resistance of its wires and if the insulation violation is discovered, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits must be protected from short circuits and overloads with the help of circuit breakers or smooth inserts installed in the respective lines (in the distribution shields of the house or apartment).Current installations of these devices must be calibrated so that the protection devices are triggered in currents exceeding the set values.
3. The operation of electrical networks for apartments is only possible with fully service elements of the wiring installation (sockets, distribution boxes, switches, etc.).
4. The network cables of household electrical appliances at damage or destruction of conductive nuclei can be very heated, which is often the cause of the fire of the wires.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the service of the wires and forks of the network cords.
5. Before repairing the unsuccessful electrical appliance, it is necessary to disconnect this electrical appliance from the network.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and effectively eliminate the malfunction.
6. It is necessary to carefully monitor the presence of protective grounding of all metal parts and housings of electrical installations.Protective grounding will reliably protect you from electric shock in the event of a violation of the insulation of electric wiring and when the mains voltage appears in the box of the electrical appliance.

Chronology of practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, the theory of electricity begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, the Englishman Delaru built the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten thread.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, like a wheel for a stroller from the slopes of the boat.

65 years passed until July 11, 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodigin Patent the first incandescent lamp in a vacuum flask.In general, during this decade of the 19th century, lamps have been invented as "hot pies".

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved Lodygin lamp) and the candle Yablochkov (the first lamp in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with a platinum lifeline in 1879. By the way, Edison was the first to invented (patent).

But the platinum threads could not benefit long after Lodygin in 1890. In 1890, the filaments of refractory materials: molybdenum and tungsten.The tungsten threads still illuminate the greater part of humanity.

The industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905. Industrial production became possible on the basis of Patent No. 34541 by two Hungarians: Sandora Eustor and Franco Hanaman in 1904.

The practical use of electricity is applied not only to the lighting of houses and streets.AC transformers are created, electric motors are created, first operate from direct current, then alternating induction induction motors.

But the basis of the main use of electricity is the development or production of electrical current with electrical stations.The first power plant was an electric generator of the transformative energy of a steam machine into electricity.

Initially, electric generators provided electricity for individual factories, seminars.In 1880 the first city power plants began to be built.The first power plant was built in 1882 in New York under the direction of the same Edison.

Saving with the help of reasonable self -control can be significant sums of money.Let's focus on some simple but effective methods of protecting energy in everyday life.

Heat

The insulation of window and door blocks allows you to raise the temperature in apartments and houses by 4-5 ° C and to abandon the electric heater that consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ H during the season.There are some simple ways of isolation:

• Crack flakes within the window and doors.For this, mounting pennies are used, self -eating sealing ribbons, silicone and acrylic seals, etc.The result is an increase in the air temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees;
• Sealing Narthex of windows and doors with the help of various stand -alone seals and seals.The window seal is carried out not only around the perimeter but also between the frames.The result is an increase in the room temperature by 1-3 degrees;
• Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with many sized double windows, glass with heat film and fans.Then the room temperature will be stable in winter and in the summer the air - fresh, the need for periodically opening the window will disappear, throwing a large volume of warm air.The result is an increase in the room temperature by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in the level of street noise;
• Installation of the second door at the entrance of the apartment (house).The result is an increase in the room temperature by 1-2 degrees, reducing the level of external noise and gas content;
• Installation of the screen for reflection of heat (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator.The result is an increase in the room temperature by 1 degree.Try not to close the radiators with solid curtains, screens, furniture - the heat will be more efficiently distributed in the room.Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40-50% higher.If the radiators are installed, taking into account the convenient removal, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also helps to increase the heat transfer.The glazing of the balcony or boat is equivalent to installing an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate temperature of 10 ° C higher than on the street, in heavy cold.It is not uncommon when there is a problem not in the absence of heat, but with its excess.The solution will be to install a thermostat on radiators.

Electricity

Replace ordinary incandescent lamps with LEDs.Their service life is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, the consumption is 8 times less.During work, the light is paid 8-10 times.Use local lamps when there is no need for general lighting.Take the rule, leaving the room, extinguishing the light.Turn off devices that are in standby mode for a long time.Television, computer, music centers consume energy from 3 to 10 W ∙ H.During the year, this equipment, including chargers left in the nests, will give additional energy consumption of 200-300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique at least A. The additional energy consumption for household devices with outdated structures is approximately 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or heated radiator.This increases energy consumption from the refrigerator by 20-30%.The refrigerator seal should be clean and tightly adhered to the body and door.Even a small precipice in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.Cool to room temperature products before placement in the refrigerator.Remember to thaw the refrigerator more often

Do not close the refrigerator radiator, leave the gap between the wall of the room and the back wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure its burners are not deformed and tightly adjacent to the bottom of the heated dishes.This will eliminate excessive consumption of heat and electricity.

Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn it off a little earlier than necessary to prepare the dish.Boil in an electric kettle as much water as you should use.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduce the cost of lighting by 10-15%.

Write the readings of meters and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer your computer to sleep mode if it does not need to be constantly operated.With a continuous circle -the -clock work, the computer consumes 70-120 kW ∙ H per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more efficient for using a laptop or computer with reduced energy consumption.In general, it is quite possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50%without reducing the quality of life and damage to the habits.

Water -saving

Be sure to install water meters.This will motivate to reduce the flow of water.Install the crane lever switches instead of rotating cranes.Water saving will be 10-15% plus convenience when choosing a temperature.Do not turn on full pressure water.In 90% of cases a small stream is sufficient, water consumption is reduced by 4-5 times.When you wash and take a shower, turn off the water when not needed.The shower takes 10-20 times less water to accept the bathroom.Significant water saving occurs when two drainage tanks are used.It is necessary to carefully check the presence of water leakage from the drainage tank, which occurs due to the old accessories.Replacing accessories is not a very expensive event, but water savings are significant.Through a thin stream of leaks you can lose a few cubic meters of water a month.In general, reducing water consumption is 4 times - the task is quite realized and low.

Gas -saving

Gas saving is important, if gas meters are installed in the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water lead to gas savings.When you cook, there are also capabilities to save gas:

• The flame of the burner should not exceed the bottom of the pan, pans, a kettle, otherwise you simply heat the air in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The deformed bottom of the plates leads to a revision of gas up to 50%;
• The dishes in which food is prepared should be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes require 4-6 times more cooking gas;
• Use economical dishes, these qualities are usually indicated by its manufacturer.The most energy economic products are made of stainless steel with a polished bottom, especially with a layer of copper or aluminum.Aluminum dishes, enamel, Teflon coating is non -economical;
• The door of the oven should fit tightly to the body of the plate and not release the hot air.In general, simply the economical use of gas gives a reduction in its consumption by 2 times, the use of the proposed measures - about 3 times.

The energy efficiency for modern society is axiom.The economical use of heat, electricity, water, gas allows you to reduce your own costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

The relatively frivolous but rapid development of the practical use of electricity is undoubtedly the greatest achievement of humanity.But no matter what grand power plants work in our country, all of them where there is far away.For the user, the main and the family is the electrician of his apartment and home.How to make electrical wiring in an apartment and a house that electrical networks are used for internal needs, how to produce electrical equipment, how to repair an electrician with your own hands.